296 lines
11 KiB
HTML
296 lines
11 KiB
HTML
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<title>npx</title>
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<div class="title">
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npm command-line interface
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<section id="content">
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<header class="title">
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<h1 id="npx">npx</h1>
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<span class="description">Run a command from a local or remote npm package</span>
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</header>
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<section id="table_of_contents">
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<h2 id="table-of-contents">Table of contents</h2>
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<div id="_table_of_contents"><ul><li><a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li><li><a href="#description">Description</a></li><li><a href="#npx-vs-npm-exec"><code>npx</code> vs <code>npm exec</code></a></li><li><a href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li><a href="#compatibility-with-older-npx-versions">Compatibility with Older npx Versions</a></li><li><a href="#see-also">See Also</a></li></ul></div>
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</section>
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<div id="_content"><h3 id="synopsis">Synopsis</h3>
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<pre lang="bash"><code>npm exec -- <pkg>[@<version>] [args...]
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npm exec --package=<pkg>[@<version>] -- <cmd> [args...]
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npm exec -c '<cmd> [args...]'
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npm exec --package=foo -c '<cmd> [args...]'
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npx <pkg>[@<specifier>] [args...]
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npx -p <pkg>[@<specifier>] <cmd> [args...]
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npx -c '<cmd> [args...]'
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npx -p <pkg>[@<specifier>] -c '<cmd> [args...]'
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alias: npm x, npx
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--package=<pkg> (may be specified multiple times)
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-p is a shorthand for --package only when using npx executable
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-c <cmd> --call=<cmd> (may not be mixed with positional arguments)
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
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<p>This command allows you to run an arbitrary command from an npm package
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(either one installed locally, or fetched remotely), in a similar context
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as running it via <code>npm run</code>.</p>
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<p>Whatever packages are specified by the <code>--package</code> option will be
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provided in the <code>PATH</code> of the executed command, along with any locally
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installed package executables. The <code>--package</code> option may be
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specified multiple times, to execute the supplied command in an environment
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where all specified packages are available.</p>
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<p>If any requested packages are not present in the local project
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dependencies, then they are installed to a folder in the npm cache, which
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is added to the <code>PATH</code> environment variable in the executed process. A
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prompt is printed (which can be suppressed by providing either <code>--yes</code> or
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<code>--no</code>).</p>
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<p>Package names provided without a specifier will be matched with whatever
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version exists in the local project. Package names with a specifier will
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only be considered a match if they have the exact same name and version as
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the local dependency.</p>
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<p>If no <code>-c</code> or <code>--call</code> option is provided, then the positional arguments
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are used to generate the command string. If no <code>--package</code> options
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are provided, then npm will attempt to determine the executable name from
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the package specifier provided as the first positional argument according
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to the following heuristic:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>If the package has a single entry in its <code>bin</code> field in <code>package.json</code>,
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or if all entries are aliases of the same command, then that command
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will be used.</li>
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<li>If the package has multiple <code>bin</code> entries, and one of them matches the
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unscoped portion of the <code>name</code> field, then that command will be used.</li>
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<li>If this does not result in exactly one option (either because there are
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no bin entries, or none of them match the <code>name</code> of the package), then
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<code>npm exec</code> exits with an error.</li>
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</ul>
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<p>To run a binary <em>other than</em> the named binary, specify one or more
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<code>--package</code> options, which will prevent npm from inferring the package from
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the first command argument.</p>
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<h3 id="npx-vs-npm-exec"><code>npx</code> vs <code>npm exec</code></h3>
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<p>When run via the <code>npx</code> binary, all flags and options <em>must</em> be set prior to
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any positional arguments. When run via <code>npm exec</code>, a double-hyphen <code>--</code>
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flag can be used to suppress npm's parsing of switches and options that
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should be sent to the executed command.</p>
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<p>For example:</p>
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<pre><code>$ npx foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
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</code></pre>
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<p>In this case, npm will resolve the <code>foo</code> package name, and run the
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following command:</p>
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<pre><code>$ foo bar --package=@npmcli/foo
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</code></pre>
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<p>Since the <code>--package</code> option comes <em>after</em> the positional arguments, it is
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treated as an argument to the executed command.</p>
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<p>In contrast, due to npm's argument parsing logic, running this command is
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different:</p>
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<pre><code>$ npm exec foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
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</code></pre>
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<p>In this case, npm will parse the <code>--package</code> option first, resolving the
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<code>@npmcli/foo</code> package. Then, it will execute the following command in that
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context:</p>
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<pre><code>$ foo@latest bar
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</code></pre>
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<p>The double-hyphen character is recommended to explicitly tell npm to stop
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parsing command line options and switches. The following command would
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thus be equivalent to the <code>npx</code> command above:</p>
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<pre><code>$ npm exec -- foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="examples">Examples</h3>
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<p>Run the version of <code>tap</code> in the local dependencies, with the provided
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arguments:</p>
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<pre><code>$ npm exec -- tap --bail test/foo.js
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$ npx tap --bail test/foo.js
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</code></pre>
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<p>Run a command <em>other than</em> the command whose name matches the package name
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by specifying a <code>--package</code> option:</p>
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<pre><code>$ npm exec --package=foo -- bar --bar-argument
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# ~ or ~
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$ npx --package=foo bar --bar-argument
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</code></pre>
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<p>Run an arbitrary shell script, in the context of the current project:</p>
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<pre><code>$ npm x -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"'
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$ npx -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"'
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</code></pre>
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<h3 id="compatibility-with-older-npx-versions">Compatibility with Older npx Versions</h3>
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<p>The <code>npx</code> binary was rewritten in npm v7.0.0, and the standalone <code>npx</code>
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package deprecated at that time. <code>npx</code> uses the <code>npm exec</code>
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command instead of a separate argument parser and install process, with
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some affordances to maintain backwards compatibility with the arguments it
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accepted in previous versions.</p>
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<p>This resulted in some shifts in its functionality:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Any <code>npm</code> config value may be provided.</li>
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<li>To prevent security and user-experience problems from mistyping package
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names, <code>npx</code> prompts before installing anything. Suppress this
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prompt with the <code>-y</code> or <code>--yes</code> option.</li>
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<li>The <code>--no-install</code> option is deprecated, and will be converted to <code>--no</code>.</li>
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<li>Shell fallback functionality is removed, as it is not advisable.</li>
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<li>The <code>-p</code> argument is a shorthand for <code>--parseable</code> in npm, but shorthand
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for <code>--package</code> in npx. This is maintained, but only for the <code>npx</code>
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executable.</li>
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<li>The <code>--ignore-existing</code> option is removed. Locally installed bins are
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always present in the executed process <code>PATH</code>.</li>
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<li>The <code>--npm</code> option is removed. <code>npx</code> will always use the <code>npm</code> it ships
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with.</li>
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<li>The <code>--node-arg</code> and <code>-n</code> options are removed.</li>
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<li>The <code>--always-spawn</code> option is redundant, and thus removed.</li>
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<li>The <code>--shell</code> option is replaced with <code>--script-shell</code>, but maintained
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in the <code>npx</code> executable for backwards compatibility.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3 id="see-also">See Also</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-run-script.html">npm run-script</a></li>
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<li><a href="../using-npm/scripts.html">npm scripts</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-test.html">npm test</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-start.html">npm start</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-restart.html">npm restart</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-stop.html">npm stop</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-config.html">npm config</a></li>
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<li><a href="../commands/npm-exec.html">npm exec</a></li>
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</ul>
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